这正是我们在上海设立亚太地区办事处的主要动机。自2000年以来，我们在上海开设办公室。目前，我们有约25个总部设在中国的会员单位。我们的目标受众通常是特定市场的百强企业。看到这些组织参与标准的制定，我们感到非常高兴。

That's the primary motivation for having our office here in shanghai for the Asia Pacific region. We've been here since about 12 years since 2012. We've got about 25 Chinese headquartered members at the moment. In general, our target audience is usually the top 100 companies in a given market. It's very gratifying to see those organizations participating in the standards development.

企业架构是一门诞生于上世纪80年代的管理学科，聚焦于进入商业领域的技术发展和复制。因此，企业架构涉及企业规划、战略和运营，以及整合业务和技术的能力。作为一门学科，企业架构师倾向于关注特定组织或政府公共部门的更广泛问题。解决方案架构师是EAs的同事，他们在一个详细的层次上工作，将技术解决方案集成到公司设定的战略或战术目标的业务成果中。因此，解决方案架构师可能会把手机、iPad等软件放在一起，帮助组织围绕综合业务数据和技术整合其资源，部署物理技术解决方案。而企业架构师的工作比这更早一步，他们所做的往往是企业战略的整体规划。

Enterprise architecture is a management discipline born out of the 80s around the development of technologies and the replication of technologies that came into the business environment. So there needs to be a lot of planning, development, strategy, operations, integrating business and technology capabilities is true than ever today. The enterprise architects, as a discipline, tend to focus on the broader issues for a particular organization, or in the public sector for a government, the solution architects, who are colleagues of the EAs, working at a level of detail where they're integrating technical solutions to the business outcomes that the company has set a strategic or a tactical goals. So a solution architect might be putting together a mobile phone, the iPad software on that, helping to have the organization martial its resources around the integrated business data and technical, physical technical solutions that get deployed into the customers are inside the company. Whereas the EA is gonna be kind of a step earlier than that in the strategy planning and overall plans for the organization.

成为架构师的一种典型路径是获得计算机科学学位，或在计算机、ICT领域积累经验。如今我们也看到，无论是在欧洲、北美，还是在中国，出现越来越多企业架构本科学位和课程。在我看来，架构师需要兼具商业敏锐度，以及为当前数字环境创造解决方案的技术敏锐度。因此，理想的状态是采取一种混合商业和技术的教育途径。

The typical route that we see people taking is through some sort of computer science degree or experience in the computing and ICT field. But more and more what we are seeing is undergraduate and master degree programs in enterprise architecture, both in Europe, North America, and over here, in China. So what I would qualify that by saying now is a business degree having business acumen and the technical acumen to create solutions for a current digital environment, as we refer to it, would be the right path to take a kind of a blended business and technical focus in your education.

是的，但我认为类似于经济学家的情况。如果你选择做企业架构师，你可以声称自己是企业架构师，前提是你通过相应的认证项目。The Open Group提供了基于TOGAF标准的知识，同时我们还提供开放的认证架构师职业计划。该项目包括基于知识技能和基于经验的认证。你可以先通过一个TOGAF认证。但进入Open CA（认证架构师）项目，起码要有3年的相关工作经验。你需要提供文件，通过面试，你的知识技能和经验将由经架构师国际社区中更资深的从业者及同行进行评审。

There is, but I think the situation is similar to that of economists. You can call yourself an architect or an enterprise architect solution architect in the general population if you choose to, but there are certification programs for it. The Open Group offers won based on knowledge of the standards of TOGAF. We also offer the open certified architect professions program. Now that program is based on knowledge skills and experience. You could have a precursor of TOGAF certification, but if you go into that open CA program, the minimum amount of experience you would be expected to bring to the table be 3 years. When you go into the program and provide the documentation and go through an interview process, a peer review process of your knowledge skills and experience that would be conducted by people more senior in the international community in that certification program.

全球多家大型公司如荷兰的菲利普、北美的IBM等，都有这类认证项目，The Open Group认证他们的项目是否符合开放CA项目。因此，The Open Group的专业认证是可移植的，无论你的雇主是谁，该认证伴随你的职业生涯持续有效。

There's a board certification for folks calling themselves open certified architect, and large companies such as Phillips from the Netherlands, IBM from the USA and others around the world, have those kinds of certification programs that The Open Group certifies their programs as complying to The Open Group Open CA program. And so the professional certification is portable, goes with the individual, no matter who their employer is once they enter into it.

这是个有趣的问题。我认为尊重是赢得的，而不是应得的。对于一些组织来说，他们认识到企业架构这种组织方法的整体价值，而企业架构师和这些组织确实得到了尊重，并成为谈判桌上可信赖的顾问。你所提到的企业管理层对特定事务的交付都负有各自在业务和运营方面的责任，架构师同样如此。

It's an interesting question. I would say respect is earned, not deserved. So you'd better be able to play at that level. I think that for some organizations, they recognize the integral value of that management discipline. And the enterprise architects and those organizations do command respect and are really at the table as trusted advisers. The other folks that you described at the table actually have business and operational responsibility for delivery of certain things, right? Architects also play in that delivery space. 

这种全局观有助于将战略成果结合起来。能够以一种全局视角，将各类东西编织、整合成为企业的整体战略，是架构师为组织带来的重要价值。

It is extremely valuable, and it helps to knit together the strategic outcomes. So that kind of perspective that weaving together of those things is something that the architects in a particular organization can bring to the table interesting.

举个例子，如果你要围绕客户服务来确定你的组织目标，推动客户服务的整个模式、人员和激励措施都可能发生变化。在进行这种转变时，你会在一个特定的市场上进行原型设计或概念验证，然后扩展到全球环境中。比如在公共领域，印度政府将企业架构原型运用于全国各省，当他们发现这些运用带来政策和应用方面的提升，他们将其转移到一个政府范围内的企业架构项目，以支持国家政府的数字化转型。

As an example, if you were going to orient your organization around customer service, you be engaging with the executives, responsible for the customer service capability and organization. The whole model of how you drive the customer services, people and incentive changes. So in making that kind of shift, you'll prototype it or proof of concept it in a particular market, and then you'll send it out into a global environment. And this is actually very similar to the Indian enterprise architecture program. The government of India prototype applied TOGAF in provinces. Then they started elevated in terms of policy and application, and then moved it into a government wide enterprise architecture program to support digital transformation for the national government.

再比如，如果你在一个受到严格监管的金融服务公司，客户环境中可能有人投诉错误收费。当你有9000万客户时，其中的风险可能是巨大的，因为即使是这些钱的一小部分开放给监管机构审查，也可能给你带来很多罚款。

Then again, if you're in a heavily regulated financial services firm, there may be complaints of incorrect charges in the client environment. When you have 90 million customers, the risks involved can be enormous, because even a fraction of that money open to regulatory scrutiny can bring you a lot of fines. 

因此，整合信息、识别并评估风险、分析与客户的关系，这些都是企业架构师和解决方案架构师要去做的事情。

So consolidating the information, identifying the risk level for the regulator and the penalty level, recognizing the relationship with all of those customers, those are the kinds of things that enterprise architects and solution architects are going to. 

是的。韩国政府在2008年联系到The Open Group。当时，联合国正在对各国公共服务进行排名。韩国政府在那个时候的排名是在20位上下。在接下来的十年里，通过使用企业架构和TOGAF，韩国政府的排名上升到世界第一，并且在接下去的十年中一直处于前十名。在联合国电子政务调查（UNDESA）中，你会看到在这个领域的国家排名，历年韩国、英国、新加坡通常排在前五名。

The government of South Korea approached us originally in around 2008. And at that time, the UN was ranking public service delivery. And South Korea government's ranking at that level in time was somewhere down in the middle 20s. Then over the next decade using enterprise architecture and TOGAF is their initial entry into changing their capabilities. They moved up to be number one in the world and consistently in the top ten now  of the decade. So if you go to the UNDESA survey, the most recent public issue in 2020, you'll see the ranking of the top nations and typically you see South Korea, the United Kingdom, Singapore in the top five on a regular basis. 

世界银行刚刚发布了一份关于数字化转型的文件，探讨公共部门组织可以使用的参考模型。其中提到采用率。他们表示，像The Open Group TOGAF标准这样的材料的渗透率已经非常高。因此，即使企业没有处于完全采用这一标准的位置，他们仍然有能力使用开放标准，推进他们的商业目标。

I think the World Bank just published a document about digital transformation, and they we're talking about the reference models that are available to public sector organizations. And they were talking about the adoption rate. So even if people are not a in a position or a situation to wholly adopt, they still have the capability to use open standards like to get from The Open Group to make progress towards those goals.